Essay on Chanson de Roland Commentary - 1076 Words

Seen by most as the birthmark of French Literature, as well as perhaps the greatest and oldest chanson de geste (epically heroic poems that began to appear in the late eleventh century), La Chanson de Roland is undoubtedly a landmark in Medieval Literature. It celebrates the heroic feats of count Roland, Charlemagne’s nephew and right-hand, in serving his country, his king and his faith. A large variety of themes, including religion, faith, loyalty, bravery and heroism, amongst others, recur throughout La Chanson de Roland. I intend to draw upon a few of these themes, paying particular attention to what is considered by most as the climax of the chanson, Roland’s death; more specifically, laisses CLXXI and CLXXII. The importance given†¦show more content†¦It is mainly through the use of language and direct speech that the importance of loyalty is highlighted. Firstly seen when Roland directs himself to his sword and says ‘Ne vos ait hume ki pur altre fuiet!’. Here, a slight sense of resentment towards anyone disloyal enough to do such a thing is detected. The importance of loyalty is further seen through Roland’s last great efforts, prior to his death, to destroy his sword, as he claims that ‘Mielz voeill murir quentre paiens remaigne’. The utter devotion here towards his nation, France, is more than evident. His devotion towards his king is even more so: in both laisses, particularly laisse CLXXII, Roland’s numerous heroic feats and countless conquests are listed. It is immediately afterwards pointed out, however, that these conquered lands are lands ‘Que Carles tient’, thus indicating who Roland truly fights, without hesitation. In some ways linked to the theme of loyalty, honour is yet another key theme the author gives great importance all throughout the chanson, particularly, again, in these two laisses. Again seen through his desperate and numerous attempts (.X. colps) to break his sword as opposed to letting it end up in enemy hands, it is evident that honour is imperative to Roland. This is further emphasized as he apostrophizes Durendal, his sword,

The Problem Of Falling Birth Rates Essay - 1016 Words

The reason of falling birth rates and better healtcare have contributed to the fact that the world’s population is getting steadily older and this trend is going to cause serious problems for society. Now in 2016 the level of technology helps people all around the world to have easier and better lives. 70% of people around the world are living longer because of the cures and technology. Back in 1955 the population of the world was 2.8 billion. Only 5% of people were over 65 age because of the diseases. In 1956, 40% of all deaths were among chidren under 5 years old. In 1997, 17.3 million people died because of infectious and parasitic disseases. 29 million people have parkinson, from 4 to 5 thousand people have MS (multpl skleroz). There are many uncountable conditions like these. At the present, in 2016, there are cures that can save peoples lives. If people keep finding cures for the disseases, the population of the world will increase quickly. Population of the world is 7.44 billion and it is increasing day by day. Every country has their own number of population. Everyday babies are born and people die. However, there are such as alleviation in the planet that helps humankind live longer and beat the illnesses down. One of the highest population country in the world is China which contains 1,3 billion people. According to UN (United Nations) in 2050 the worlds population will be arround 9.7 billion. One of the gravest development issues most developingShow MoreRelatedChina Is Facing Following One Child Policy Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesProblems that China is facing following one child policy Introduction China, a big country in terms of economy and total population, has been experiencing a dramatic demographic transition since 1979 when one child policy was implemented. 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Educational Debate Free Essays

Thesis Statement Should teachers have the authority to remove a disruptive student form their classroom permanently? Teachers work really hard to promote a happy, healthy, and safe learning environment for all of their students. Teachers dedicate themselves, with sacrifice and determination to ensure that their students have the tools they need to learn and to promote the grown of learning for each individual. Most students in each classroom work hard and dedicate themselves throughout the school year to learn. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Debate or any similar topic only for you Order Now This includes studying day, and night, attending school regularly, obtaining good grades, and behaving according to the best of their ability. If there is a student who is disruptive, it would not only effect the disruptive student, but it puts a hold on the learning lesson for every student. That is very unfortunate because some students really want to learn. Having a disruptive student makes is difficult for a teacher to teach and it only takes one or two disruptive students to completely corrupt an entire lesson plan. Teachers do not have enough time as it is to cram all this information in by the end of one school year to have to waste their time dealing with disruptive students. Teachers should have the authority to remove disruptive students from their classroom permanently. Educational Debate Persuasive Paper When working in a classroom, a teacher works hard try his or her best to promote a safe, happy, and healthy environment to the best of his or her ability. Not only do they work had at trying to come up with certain methods to assure all of the student’s ability to learn, bust also tries to incorporate the lesson plans, because they are also work hard to create. A lot of time and thought is put in from the teacher to provide this for their students. In a classroom, every student has a different personality, and are also at different learning academic levels, so it is up to the teacher to have that one on one with the students to pick up, and learn what their strengths and weaknesses are. From doing this, it allows the instructor to creating lesson plans to try and provide the proper tools needed for the student. This does not only take time from school for the teacher, but it also takes a lot of time from home because there might not be enough time in the day for the teacher to complete the lesson plan so they may have to take the work home. The classroom is a place for quiet learning, and respect for others right to learn. If you have a student who is being disrespectful who has gotten away with being disrespectful, it would be very hard to change it all around. You, as a teacher has to let them know whom it is that is actually in charge. There are strategies that you may want to take to try and assist you in this situation. Try calling home. When you call home and ask to speak to their parents, and even calling home perhaps while standing in front of the misbehaved student, may help to get them to change their attitude for that day, and give them the opportunity to accept how they have been behaving. It may also help out by being an example or the other students, so they can behave accordingly as well. Since students are disruptive, (on account to behavior issues mostly), and still you know that some of those students may even have potential aside to their behavioral issues, you may try to even reason with them. Sometimes, trying to have an open mind about what is really causing the student to misbehave may help the situation. Most of the time disruptive students bring so much of themselves to the classroom, because it may be an attention call for inner help. Try to listen to them and see what it is that makes them â€Å"them†, what it is that makes them think, and finding out their interest. By learning and understanding what it is that gives them motivation, could allow you to shape their learning experience, and support how they think, so they too can grow with the classroom. For a student to behave disruptive in a classroom, not only is it extremely time consuming for the teacher, and not only does it make learning difficult for the other students, but it can also be dangerous if it gets too out of control. If you as a teacher had already tried making the phone calls home, tried having that one on one with the student, and tried leveling with the students to the best of your ability using all of the resources that you know, ask yourself, could removing this student from my classroom permanently, help me to provide that environment that I have envisioned for my students? For most teachers, teaching does not just comes as â€Å"a career†, but more as a passion. It is not fair for a teacher to continue to put in his and her all, and have to constantly deal with day to day disruptions when the teacher’s main goal is to initially teach. This does not just go for being a teacher, but it also goes for any job. At any job, who would want to look forward to returning to a daily, out of control negative environment that removes most of your focus allowing you to do your very best? Not only does it affect the misbehaved student, and the classroom but it puts a toll on the teacher as well, the next step would be to have the student removed from the classroom. It is unfortunate because you’ve tried your best in trying to help out the situation within the classroom, you must figure out what other options are left for you to take now. It seems like the only other option would be removing the disruptive student from your class because you have tried your best at everything else, and nothing seems to work. You may have the authority to remove that student from your classroom for the period, the day, or even a few days. If that does not seem to work, you may even have the authority (with a few steps) to have the child removed to another classroom or even another school. I know it would not be something that you might be looking forward to doing, but you also have to consider the welfare of the other students, as well. Mike Ford states that even if students who promote disruptive behavior do get led into suspension, it is detrimental for teachers, staff, culture and of course student learning overall. (Ford, Mike the impact of disruptive learning in Wisconsin public schools, Vol. 26. No. 5, April 2013) Basically, it really is not as easy as it sounds. There is a process of course, but eventually if it takes removing a student from the classroom to assist you as a teacher to provide a better learning environment for those students who actually want to learn, then it should be suggested and ok to do so. Every teacher should know their Disciplinary Code in order for them to become able to assign a range of disciplinary actions, and steps needed to take for every and or any situation if needed. By knowing the code as an instructor, and by using, it can help to teach students how to behave accordingly what is expected of them or else they may have to face consequences. If the student continues to be chronically disruptive, then you as their teacher then have the right by the SAVE Law (Safe Schools against Violence in Education) to take the next few steps in order to bring your classroom back into order, if removing the student from the class is what it takes. In your classroom, you not only work had to organize and arrange your classroom for the order to go, and flow the way you want to, and how you may imagine it to be, and a lot of the times when students are disruptive, a phone call home may just not be the key to fixing the problem. There are students who work very hard and do everything they need to do to learn and better their future. They actually want to learn. Those are the students who do their homework, follow direction, get good grades, study, come to class on time, and overall behave. Why is it that just because other students may feel the need to interrupt a classroom lesson be fair in any way to the other students who actually want to learn? The students who actually want to learn, have to have their education put on hold every time there is a disruption within the classroom. Then students who actually want to learn end up getting their learning time wasted. You as a teacher, barely get enough time as it is to teach all this information within one entire school year. Do you see why teachers should have the authority to remove a student from their classroom permanently if they need to? There is just only so much a teacher can handle and do all at once. Sometimes if a teacher allows such disruptions to occur within the classroom, it causes other students to follow and then there would not be any respect within the classroom. Respect should be one of the main thing to be enforced from the begging of the school year. Everyone should learn to respect theirselves and each other. Following directions is one of the number one keys to respect. In order to become a teacher there is a lot of sacrifice and dedication. As a teacher, you take all the steps there is to providing all you can, to the best of your ability. Removing a child out of your classroom permanently may be the last step you have to take, but you most likely took all the other steps you had to, in order to get your there. Even so, by doing so, you were probably able to regain your class respect, and have things in order again. There are other students who not only need this education, but actually want it, since teaching has always been your passion to do provide that education for them these may be ways to provide that for your learning students. Everyone who have dreamed of becoming a teacher, may not have envisioned having to permanently remove students from their classroom. Nothing ever goes quite as planned, it may even help the disruptive student to either learn his or her lesson, or it may help by providing the attention that they have been looking for after all. Maybe the disruptive student would be sent off into a different classroom, where he or she may pick up more information with other methods from other teachers. Maybe they will learn better strategies from alternative schools. Even though they have been disruptive, it does not mean they would not receive the education that there are also entitled to, but by them no being able to disrupt your classroom anymore, their absence will definitely help you to provide that education to the classmates who were willing to learn. How to cite Educational Debate, Papers Educational Debate Free Essays Should teachers have the authority to remove a disruptive student form their classroom permanently? Teachers work really hard to promote a happy, healthy, and safe learning environment for all of their students. Teachers dedicate themselves, with sacrifice and determination to ensure that their students have the tools they need to learn and to promote the grown of learning for each individual. Most students in each classroom work hard and dedicate themselves throughout the school year to learn. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Debate or any similar topic only for you Order Now This includes studying day, and night, attending school regularly, obtaining good grades, and behaving according to the best of their ability. If there is a student who is disruptive, it would not only effect the disruptive student, but it puts a hold on the learning lesson for every student. That is very unfortunate because some students really want to learn. Having a disruptive student makes is difficult for a teacher to teach and it only takes one or two disruptive students to completely corrupt an entire lesson plan. Teachers do not have enough time as it is to cram all this information in by the end of one school year to have to waste their time dealing with disruptive students. Teachers should have the authority to remove disruptive students from their classroom permanently. Educational Debate Persuasive Paper When working in a classroom, a teacher works hard try his or her best to promote a safe, happy, and healthy environment to the best of his or her ability. Not only do they work had at trying to come up with certain methods to assure all of the student’s ability to learn, bust also tries to incorporate the lesson plans, because they are also work hard to create. A lot of time and thought is put in from the teacher to provide this for their students. In a classroom, every student has a different personality, and are also at different learning academic levels, so it is up to the teacher to have that one on one with the students to pick up, and learn what their strengths and weaknesses are. From doing this, it allows the instructor to creating lesson plans to try and provide the proper tools needed for the student. This does not only take time from school for the teacher, but it also takes a lot of time from home because there might not be enough time in the day for the teacher to complete the lesson plan so they may have to take the work home. The classroom is a place for quiet learning, and respect for others right to learn. If you have a student who is being disrespectful who has gotten away with being disrespectful, it would be very hard to change it all around. You, as a teacher has to let them know whom it is that is actually in charge. There are strategies that you may want to take to try and assist you in this situation. Try calling home. When you call home and ask to speak to their parents, and even calling home perhaps while standing in front of the misbehaved student, may help to get them to change their attitude for that day, and give them the opportunity to accept how they have been behaving. It may also help out by being an example or the other students, so they can behave accordingly as well. Since students are disruptive, (on account to behavior issues mostly), and still you know that some of those students may even have potential aside to their behavioral issues, you may try to even reason with them. Sometimes, trying to have an open mind about what is really causing the student to misbehave may help the situation. Most of the time disruptive students bring so much of themselves to the classroom, because it may be an attention call for inner help. Try to listen to them and see what it is that makes them â€Å"them†, what it is that makes them think, and finding out their interest. By learning and understanding what it is that gives them motivation, could allow you to shape their learning experience, and support how they think, so they too can grow with the classroom. For a student to behave disruptive in a classroom, not only is it extremely time consuming for the teacher, and not only does it make learning difficult for the other students, but it can also be dangerous if it gets too out of control. If you as a teacher had already tried making the phone calls home, tried having that one on one with the student, and tried leveling with the students to the best of your ability using all of the resources that you know, ask yourself, could removing this student from my classroom permanently, help me to provide that environment that I have envisioned for my students? For most teachers, teaching does not just comes as â€Å"a career†, but more as a passion. It is not fair for a teacher to continue to put in his and her all, and have to constantly deal with day to day disruptions when the teacher’s main goal is to initially teach. This does not just go for being a teacher, but it also goes for any job. At any job, who would want to look forward to returning to a daily, out of control negative environment that removes most of your focus allowing you to do your very best? Not only does it affect the misbehaved student, and the classroom but it puts a toll on the teacher as well, the next step would be to have the student removed from the classroom. It is unfortunate because you’ve tried your best in trying to help out the situation within the classroom, you must figure out what other options are left for you to take now. It seems like the only other option would be removing the disruptive student from your class because you have tried your best at everything else, and nothing seems to work. You may have the authority to remove that student from your classroom for the period, the day, or even a few days. If that does not seem to work, you may even have the authority (with a few steps) to have the child removed to another classroom or even another school. I know it would not be something that you might be looking forward to doing, but you also have to consider the welfare of the other students, as well. Mike Ford states that even if students who promote disruptive behavior do get led into suspension, it is detrimental for teachers, staff, culture and of course student learning overall. (Ford, Mike the impact of disruptive learning in Wisconsin public schools, Vol. 26. No. 5, April 2013) Basically, it really is not as easy as it sounds. There is a process of course, but eventually if it takes removing a student from the classroom to assist you as a teacher to provide a better learning environment for those students who actually want to learn, then it should be suggested and ok to do so. Every teacher should know their Disciplinary Code in order for them to become able to assign a range of disciplinary actions, and steps needed to take for every and or any situation if needed. By knowing the code as an instructor, and by using, it can help to teach students how to behave accordingly what is expected of them or else they may have to face consequences. If the student continues to be chronically disruptive, then you as their teacher then have the right by the SAVE Law (Safe Schools against Violence in Education) to take the next few steps in order to bring your classroom back into order, if removing the student from the class is what it takes. In your classroom, you not only work had to organize and arrange your classroom for the order to go, and flow the way you want to, and how you may imagine it to be, and a lot of the times when students are disruptive, a phone call home may just not be the key to fixing the problem. There are students who work very hard and do everything they need to do to learn and better their future. They actually want to learn. Those are the students who do their homework, follow direction, get good grades, study, come to class on time, and overall behave. Why is it that just because other students may feel the need to interrupt a classroom lesson be fair in any way to the other students who actually want to learn? The students who actually want to learn, have to have their education put on hold every time there is a disruption within the classroom. Then students who actually want to learn end up getting their learning time wasted. You as a teacher, barely get enough time as it is to teach all this information within one entire school year. Do you see why teachers should have the authority to remove a student from their classroom permanently if they need to? There is just only so much a teacher can handle and do all at once. Sometimes if a teacher allows such disruptions to occur within the classroom, it causes other students to follow and then there would not be any respect within the classroom. Respect should be one of the main thing to be enforced from the begging of the school year. Everyone should learn to respect theirselves and each other. Following directions is one of the number one keys to respect. In order to become a teacher there is a lot of sacrifice and dedication. As a teacher, you take all the steps there is to providing all you can, to the best of your ability. Removing a child out of your classroom permanently may be the last step you have to take, but you most likely took all the other steps you had to, in order to get your there. Even so, by doing so, you were probably able to regain your class respect, and have things in order again. There are other students who not only need this education, but actually want it, since teaching has always been your passion to do provide that education for them these may be ways to provide that for your learning students. Everyone who have dreamed of becoming a teacher, may not have envisioned having to permanently remove students from their classroom. Nothing ever goes quite as planned, it may even help the disruptive student to either learn his or her lesson, or it may help by providing the attention that they have been looking for after all. Maybe the disruptive student would be sent off into a different classroom, where he or she may pick up more information with other methods from other teachers. Maybe they will learn better strategies from alternative schools. Even though they have been disruptive, it does not mean they would not receive the education that there are also entitled to, but by them no being able to disrupt your classroom anymore, their absence will definitely help you to provide that education to the classmates who were willing to learn. How to cite Educational Debate, Papers

Essay on Academic Success Career Goals Essay Example For Students

Essay on Academic Success : Career Goals Essay Continuing Academic SuccessGoing back to school can be a stressful and daunting experience for many students. Being bombarded again with assignments can weigh unsuspecting students down and make it difficult for some to stand forth and walk forward. Consequently, there are many a handful of tips and techniques available for these students to use and work with to ensure academic success, tips like setting goals, using critical thinking, and understanding the writing process, to name a few.GoalsGoals are essentially a set of short-term or long-term objectives created to aim for a particular ambition. Setting goals will not only help a student reach his potential academically and educationally, but also can help him with his future career goals. Academic and Educational GoalsAcademic and educational goals are aspirations that deal with both the details of schooling (e.g. finishing a paper or acing a chemistry course) and the big picture of education (e.g. obtaining a bachelor’s degree in Biological Science).Career GoalsMost college students go to school to earn a degree that will help them into an inspiring job. When selecting a degree to pursue, setting a career goal, or finding a future job to be ambitious towards (e.g. Web Designer) can significantly increase a student’s want in finishing his education.Critical ThinkingWhen doing an assignment or speaking to others, the process of absorbing, understanding, and expressing information is called critical thinking. In Becoming a Master Student (2014), Ellis talks about psychologist Benjamin Bloom’s â€Å"six steps of critical thinking† (pg. 55 56; pg. 205):1. Remembering—gathering and memorizing information. 2. Understanding—comprehending and summarizing information.3. Applyin. . easily find his way around and quickly locate the needed information, be it peer-reviewed or not.RevisionRevising a paper happens after writing a rough draft. Au contraire to what many students believe, a paper is not finished and should now be read and reread by not only the student, but by anyone, or any resources, who is willing to analyse the paper. When doing this, mistakes may be dug up and found, giving the student the opportunity to fix these errors.Conclusion Using tips and techniques during school can help returning students not feel so stressed and overwhelmed. Understanding the reasoning to have goals, what critical thinking is, and how to correctly write a paper are just a few pieces of the incredible amounts of advice out there. Therefore, what other suggestions or strategies could you give to a returning student as he continues his academic career?

An Introduction to Dog Intelligence and Emotion

An Introduction to Dog Intelligence and Emotion We feed them, we let them sleep in our beds, we play with them, we even talk to them. And of course, we love them. Any dog-owner will tell you that their pet has a remarkable capacity to understand the world around them. And they’re right. Scientists have figured out great ways to find out exactly what human’s best friend is capable of. The Science of Animal Cognition Over the past several years, one of the biggest advances in our human understanding of doggie cognition has been the use of MRI machines to scan dog brains. MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging, the process of taking an ongoing picture of what parts of the brain are lighting up through what external stimuli. Dogs, as any doggie parent knows, are highly trainable. This trainable nature makes dogs great candidates for MRI machines, unlike non-domesticated wild animals like birds or bears. Ragen McGowan, a scientist at Nestlà © Purina specializing in dog cognition, takes full advantage of a certain type of MRI machine, the fMRI (which stands for functional MRI), to study these animals. These machines detect changes in blood flow and use that to measure brain activity. Through ongoing research, McGowan has found out a lot about animal  cognition and feelings. In a study done in 2015, McGowan found that a human’s presence leads to increased blood flow to a dog’s eyes, ears and paws, which means the dog is excited. McGowan also studied what happens to dogs when they are being petted. We’ve known for some time that for humans, petting a beloved animal can lead to lower rates of stress and anxiety. Well, it turns out the same is true for dogs. When humans pet shelter dogs for 15 minutes or more, the dog’s heart rate decreases and it becomes less anxious overall. Another recent study on dog cognition found that our beloved companion animals can tell the difference in our emotional expressions. In another study done with the fMRI machine, scientists found that not only can dogs tell the difference between happy and sad human faces, they also respond differently to them. As Smart as Children Animal psychologists have clocked dog intelligence at right around that of a two to two-and-a-half-year-old human child. The 2009 study which examined this found that dogs can understand up to 250 words and gestures. Even more surprising, the same study found that dogs can actually count low numbers (up to five) and even do simple math. And have you ever experienced the emotions of your dog while you’re petting another animal or paying attention to something else? Do you imagine they feel something like human jealousy? Well, there’s science to back this up, too. Studies have found that dogs do, in fact, experience jealousy. Not only that, but dogs do their best to figure out how to â€Å"handle† the thing that’s taking their parent’s attention - and if they have to force the attention back on them, they will. Dogs have been studied for their empathy, as well. A 2012 study examined dogs’ behavior towards distressed humans that weren’t their owners. While the study concluded that dogs display an empathy-like behavior, the scientists writing the report decided that it may be better explained as â€Å"emotional contagion† and a history of being rewarded for this type of emotional alertness. Is it empathy? Well, it sure seems like it. Numerous other studies on dog behavior, emotion, and intelligence have found that dogs â€Å"eavesdrop† on human interactions to assess who is mean to their owner and who isn’t and that dogs follow their human’s gaze. These studies may just be the tip of the iceberg when it comes to our learning about dogs. And as for doggie parents? Well, they may know a lot more than the rest of us, just by observing their best canine companions every day. The studies done on dog cognition all illuminate one thing: that humans may know much less about dog brains than we previously thought. As time goes on, more and more scientists are becoming interested in animal research, and with each new study done, we find out more about how our beloved pets think.

Free Essays on Vernon God Little

Fiction Meets Reality In the novel Vernon God Little by DBC Pierre, the main character Vernon Little is a fifteen year old boy who is the prime suspect in a school shooting. While the novel and the characters are purely fictional, Vernon can easily be interpreted as a real person. The mindset of Vernon and the events that he experiences make him a real life character and in doing so, the book seems more realistic and therefore less fictional. Vernon’s views on fate, his mindset, and the problems he encounters all contribute to his real life quality. One aspect of Vernon that makes him appear as a real life person is that like everyone in the world, he has problems. It can be argued that many characters in different novels have problems as well, but what makes Vernon stand out is the fact that his problems are basic, everyday, common problems. Many times the struggles that characters face are unrealistic and ones that the readers cannot relate to. Vernon’s problems are unlike other characters’. Besides the obvious problems that Vernon is facing with the school shooting and the trial, Vernon also has everyday problems. Vernon and his mother live alone in their house. Vernon’s father, who is only mentioned a few times, is not apart of their lives. Vernon’s mother does not have a job and the family has no source of income. A boy Vernon’s age is normally expected to go to school and possibly maintain a part-time job. Vernon’s mother asks Vernon to get a job to provide income for the family. It is not normal for a fifteen year old boy to have to provide the sole income for a family. The relationship between adults and kids has always held a question of honesty. Kids, because of their age, are often times foolish and make careless choices, but it is simply apart of growing up. Adults on the other hand have much more experience due to their age and feel that they have a better grasp on the world and what go... Free Essays on Vernon God Little Free Essays on Vernon God Little Fiction Meets Reality In the novel Vernon God Little by DBC Pierre, the main character Vernon Little is a fifteen year old boy who is the prime suspect in a school shooting. While the novel and the characters are purely fictional, Vernon can easily be interpreted as a real person. The mindset of Vernon and the events that he experiences make him a real life character and in doing so, the book seems more realistic and therefore less fictional. Vernon’s views on fate, his mindset, and the problems he encounters all contribute to his real life quality. One aspect of Vernon that makes him appear as a real life person is that like everyone in the world, he has problems. It can be argued that many characters in different novels have problems as well, but what makes Vernon stand out is the fact that his problems are basic, everyday, common problems. Many times the struggles that characters face are unrealistic and ones that the readers cannot relate to. Vernon’s problems are unlike other characters’. Besides the obvious problems that Vernon is facing with the school shooting and the trial, Vernon also has everyday problems. Vernon and his mother live alone in their house. Vernon’s father, who is only mentioned a few times, is not apart of their lives. Vernon’s mother does not have a job and the family has no source of income. A boy Vernon’s age is normally expected to go to school and possibly maintain a part-time job. Vernon’s mother asks Vernon to get a job to provide income for the family. It is not normal for a fifteen year old boy to have to provide the sole income for a family. The relationship between adults and kids has always held a question of honesty. Kids, because of their age, are often times foolish and make careless choices, but it is simply apart of growing up. Adults on the other hand have much more experience due to their age and feel that they have a better grasp on the world and what go...

DB 217 Jak 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB 217 Jak 5 - Essay Example However, the candidates maintain that withdraw of the conditional job offer violates the ADA. What should the court decide? There are various issues and questions to be answered in this case. Firstly, the court may evaluate the legality of the post-job offer medical test. According to the ADA, an employer should not request for a medical test as a condition of the offer; however, such tests may be required after the job offer (Colker 9). Although the Act recognizes a medical test post the job offer, it specifies the regulations governing such post-offer medical test. For instance, post-offer medical exams must be job-related and should be a requirement for all applicants for a similar position. Further, the employer should not withdraw the job offer based on any form of disability realized at this stage, unless in circumstances where the disability poses a threat in the workplace. Also, the employer must prove that there are no adjustments that can be instituted to accommodate the candidate. In the airline case, however, the accused does not show that the HIV status of the candidate can, in any way, impe de their performance or pose a health risk in the workplace. The other issue that the court ought to evaluate is whether the candidates needed to disclose their HIV status while declaring their medical history. Firstly, the ADA states that the employer may not ask the candidates of the existence of any disability before the job offer (Colker 7). Rather, the employer should only ask of the applicants ability to discharge the roles of the job. For these reasons, the airlines argument that the candidates ought to have disclosed their HIV status ahead of the job offer is not justified. Based on the above, therefore, the court may find that the ADA was violated. The airline should not have asked about the candidates disability before the job offer. Additionally, the

WorldCom Case study (summary assignment) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WorldCom Case study (summary assignment) - Essay Example In 1995, it was renamed as WorldCom with ambitious plans for global expansion. In1996 it made efforts to acquire MCI, a much larger telecom company which was finally realized in 1998. By 1999, it was 14th largest firm in US. The failed bid for Sprint, large telecoms provider in USA also started the downfall of WorldCom. The large number of acquisitions and mergers were not integrated within the broader culture of WorldCom. Consequently steady increase of complaints and lawsuits necessitated giving millions of dollars in penalties, refund and payments by WorldCom. This opened Pandora box which exposed manipulation of books and financial irregularities by Ebbers and other directors and amounting to billions of dollars of hard earned money of the investors and shareholders. The share price of $62 in 1999 fell to 7 cents in 2002. Over payment on sales commission, inflated cash flow of nearly 4 billion and false corporate book keeping led to nearly $30 billion in debt and finally to its bankruptcy. All its major directors were found guilty. In 2004, it emerged from bankruptcy as MCI with credible board

Conversation analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conversation analysis - Assignment Example Line (16A) is an expressive. A apologizes for not being in a position to place the order, and gives an explanation. Thus, he performs a face-threatening act. Moves Line (6A) directs an effective move. B is compelled to work out the price immediately, the way it is stated. However, an interception sequence follows unexpectedly. Adjacency pairs Line (4B) is a question but it is not followed by an answer till the end. The question in line (6A) is answered in line (9B). The tag question in line (10A) is immediately followed by an affirmative in (11B). Another tag question in line (13A) is followed by an answer in line (14B). (11A) is an apology followed by minimizing through the word ‘Okay’, by the shopkeeper and rounding off the conversation. Politeness Principle The conversation begins with a note of politeness on the part of the customer in line (1A) B offers to work out the price in line (7B) and A thanks him for it in line (8A). Both have followed the politeness princip le. Very politely, A apologizes and expresses his regret for not being in a position to place the order immediately. His polite refusal ‘sorry’ in line (16A) is accepted with equal politeness by the shopkeeper with the single, simple word ’okay’ in line (17B). ... Maxims of relevance and quality are observed by both speakers. The situation made the customer rather hesitant, and he used some ‘er’s, ‘eh’ and ‘uhm’ during the discourse, just enough to get time to think (fillers) yet he maintained the continuous flow. Pauses There is a long pause in line (8A), about 10 seconds. This is a planned pause to allow the shopkeeper enough time to work out the price. Another small pause in line (12A) is filler, where the customer is indecisive and gives himself time to think before he makes a commitment. Slight pauses and repetitions and fillers are characteristic in the lines of the customer, (lines 5A, 6A, 12A, 15A and 16A ) which reveal that he was not prepared for the price, and is compelled to cancel his original intention of placing the order. Turn taking The initial part of the discourse proceeds smoothly, the speakers signaling end of speech and taking turns alternatively at appropriate places. After the reve lation of the price however, the customer fails to make an apt signal, and the shopkeeper is too quick in his response (line 11B). Here is an overlap but the shopkeeper quickly adjusts to it in line (14B). once again, taking his turn at the right place. Conclusion On the whole, this is a very trite, compact and brief conversation, where both participants stick to the point, and make it a

Education reform in the United States

Education reform in the United States Yasmine Calderon Education Education reform in the United States is a primary goal for Congress to assist students excel and gain knowledge to survive in the growing and competitive work force. As the United States was once the leading example of Education reform, it is now 12th among other developed nations. The need for incentive programs in classrooms to prepare students for the future of higher education is in high demand. Ensuring students the future of a college education and maintaining a successful job is key to rebuilding the economy and securing bright futures for individuals. Suggested policy implementations include reforms of existing school policies, budget analysis, statistics and facts, and current stances toward the public policy. One of President Obama’s bold incentives to improve teaching and learning in the classrooms that instruct policies and strategies to achieve the goal of college readiness. To date, President Obama has opted 4 billion dollars to 19 states that help to address key areas of education reform. States serve 22 million students and employ 1.5 billion teachers in 42,000 schools representing the 45 percent of all K-12 students and 42 percent of all low income students nationwide. Setting a precedent for the future of young Americans through the Race to the Top program will help those who are challenged change policies and laws to create better college and career ready standards. (Source: www.whitehouse.gov/issues) As states begin to move progressively with education reforms the No Child Left Behind Act imposed by former President George W. Bush left five years of reauthorization overdue. States have been lowering their standards in classrooms by punishing failure over success and fitting everyone into a one-size-fits-all deal. While President Obama has issued a blueprint, Reform of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, for his incentive Congress has yet to act upon it leaving schools flexible with the law. Passing the law would then set a higher standard for high schools to achieve college readiness and careers. For states to receive that flexibility they must reward and recognize those states that make exceptionally well performance and gains while also tending to those who need help in the lowest performing schools. Under the new law states will develop and propose new plans to help improve outcomes for those groups who pose a threat in a large educational gap. Unlike the one-size-fits -all deal left from the NCLB Act states and districts can improve strategies and resources that will meet the need for student performance. Issuing more reforms for education includes the president calling for improvements to help students gain interest in math, science, engineering and technology. The Obama Administration has reached several successful STEM initiatives that includes combining it with Race to the Top and investing into the Innovation Fund while also implementing new STEM educators called Teacher Corps to further progress students in the path of a successful career. The Teacher Corps will start with a basis of 50 teachers among 50 sites and expand to 10,000 teachers over the next four years. The Obama Administration will launch the Teacher Corps with $1 billion allocated from the President’s 2013 budget request currently before Congress. Along with the President’s education reforms, the Education Amendments Act of 1972 authorized the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to improve postsecondary education opportunities that include providing assistance to educational institutions and agencies for a broad range of reforms and innovations. The role of the bureaucracy has been otherwise noted a major debate in shaping educational performance. Proponents argue that large educational bureaucracies have contributed to shortfalls in performance in America’s public schools. Others view it as beneficial because they manage a wide range of problems that make it easier for teachers to focus on the core of teaching. The federal government totaled an amount of $141 billion on education in the 2014 fiscal year. While calculating that number is challenging, federal programs that are administered by the U.S. Department of Education appear in two separate parts of the budget and other agencies have administered large programs as well. Further measuring spending is not a straightforward deal and the government provides subsidies towards higher education in the form of tax benefits. The $141 billion figure includes annual appropriation for the U.S. Dept. of Education, spending for the department’s annual appropriations that are not subject (i.e. mandatory spending), school meal programs, the Head Start program, revenue and spending on education tax benefits for individuals and military and veterans education benefits. Since the federal government spent a total of $3.5 trillion in the 2013 fiscal year which means the $141 billion spent accounts for 4 percent of the entire federal budget. (Sources: New America Foundation; U.S. Departments of Education, Health and Human Services, Agriculture, Defense, Veterans Afffairs, White House Office of Management and Budget; Congressional Budget Office.) According to the Heritage Foundation, a conservative policy research organization and interest group, a budget presented by House Budget Committee chairmen Paul Ryan (R—Wis.) would provide $74 billion on education spending, training, employment, and social services. The Ryan budget seeks to â€Å"remove regulatory barriers to higher education that act to restrict flexibility and innovative teaching, particularly as it relates to non-traditional models such as online coursework.† Policymakers who support to enable states to have more control over college costs and futures should implement the budget. Just last year Congressman Jared Polis (D-CO) and Senators Mark Udall (D-CO) and Michael Bennet (D-CO) introduced the â€Å"Growth to Excellence Act† that would include rigorous college-and-career ready standards. A bill that would surely receive support from educational advocates. The bill is sure to represent a strong step towards providing students in America with outstanding education that will bring a forefront to the future of these individuals. According to the Council on Foreign Relations, the United States fails to educate students and prepare them for the future to come which leaves critical time for officials to address the situation. Statistics include: A recent report by ACT, a non-profit testing organization, found that only 22 percent of U.S. high school students met â€Å"college ready† standards in all of their core subjects; figures even lower for African Americans and Hispanics. The College Board reported that even among college-bound seniors, only 43 percent met college-ready standards, meaning that more college students need to take remedial courses. While according to U.S. News and World Report, nationwide the number of high school graduates is expected to grow 10 percent in the next 10 years. The northeastern states will experience declines in growth, while high school grads will grow by 24 percent in Texas and Florida. According to the Lawlor Group, trends such as demography, the power of perception, and measurement determine aspects of higher education as seen below: College enrollments will shrink from 38% to 10% over the next 8 years. High school graduates will decrease in all but 18 states in 2019. Mostly in the South you will see an increase. Most students tend to attend a college with less than $11,100 in tuition fees and think it should cost no more than $20,000. (Sources: NCES, College Board, Gallup, Federal Student Aid, Harvard Institute of Politics.) The future of American education is critical to students and individuals who want to maintain a college education. The path of every student along with a sustainable approach would benefit the economy as well. Proposed solutions such as Race to the Top, revisions of the No Child Left Behind act and the STEM program would help to further alleviate the problems posed to higher education. Of course with solutions comes fiscal responsibilities which would introduce a need for a new education budget that would most likely benefit the future of American students. A time for reform is now and policies should be implemented as soon as possible to ensure the livelihood of students and their path to a successful life.

Justifying the Murder in Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay example -- Bel

Justifying the Murder in Beloved by Toni Morrison Beloved is a tale about slavery. The central character is Sethe, who is an escaped slave. Sethe kills her child named Beloved to 'save her'. The book is written so that different peoples points of view are put forward in different chapters. Toni Morrison presents three types of love relationships, parent-child, brotherly love and sexual relationships - within or near the confines of slavery. Slavery weakens the bond between mothers and there children. Three parent- child relationships exhibited in Beloved are the bond between 'maa'm and Sethe', Sethe and Beloved and Sethe and Denver. Their relationships explore the bond between all the characters. There are two ways of interpreting the killing of Beloved, Sethe could be seen as saving her, motivated by true love or selfish pride? By looking at the varying nature of Sethe, it can be said that, she is a women who chooses to love her children but not herself. She kills the baby, because in her mind, her children are the only part of her that has not been soiled by slavery, she refuses to contemplate that by showing this mercy she is committing a murder. Throughout Beloved, Sethes duplistic character is displayed in the nature of her actions. Shortly after her re-union with Paul D she describes her reaction to schoolteachers arrival as 'Oh no, I wasn't going back there. I went to jail instead' (P42) These words could be seen that Sethe was portraying a moral stand by refusing to allow herself and her children to be dragged back into the evil word of slavery. Clearly, Sethe believes that her actions were justified from the beginning. . Wh... ...remember is how she loved the bottom of bread. Can you beat that eight children that's all I remember'. Like Paul D she adopts the practice of 'loving only a little', accepting that she has no control over her children's lives. Sethe's act of violence is in her not compromising a right to love her own children. When Paul D criticises her for her large claims, saying her love is 'too thick. She responds that 'Love is or ain't. Thin love ain't love at all'. For Sethe love has no bounds. Her ideas of right and wrong are confused. What we have is a bizarre version of love - mother, daughter, and vengeful ghost, and the book confirms that it is a prehistoric society which has caused all this inhumane view of life. This leads to Sethe to her killing her daughter. Bibliography: Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York: Knopf, 1987

An I.T. for a peography vepartment Essay

he geography department need to give out letters about a field trip to the Peak District but they need to personalise the letters to make more appealing to parents. Ms Keeley, the Geography teacher organising the trip, currently starts the letter with ‘Dear Parent’ instead of a personalised start like ‘Dear Ms Mir’ or something like that. The Improved System An improved way of doing it would be using mail merge to personalise the letter by using people’s names, addresses, job occupations, etc. I will use word processor to solve her problem. Why use IT? We use IT because you can edit and delete, be more presentable (therefore easier to read), and print multiple copies. You can also put in logos. Justification of Hardware and Software Hardware Specification Benefit of choice Home PC Intel Pentium 3 processor running at 866 MHz E. g. Mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer, etc Good value for money, easy to get hold of. Easy to get programs for it. I can use a floppy disk to transfer from home to school. Printer Laser HP 2100 6-9 prints per min as against 2-3 for an inkjet. 30 copies printed to a laser equals 5 minutes. To an inkjet it equals to 15 minutes. A cartridge on a laser is i 20 that does 600 copies. But on an inkjet it is i 60 and does 6000 copies. Therefore a printout will cost 10 times more. So, a Laser printer is good quality, cheaper and easier to run. Software Specification Benefit of choice Word processor Microsoft Word-   Mail merge – form letters, envelopes, mailing labels   Formatting- font, margins   Editing- spelling and grammar checking Choosing Word rather than Publisher or WordPad is better because:   You don’t have to draw text boxes   It will look professional   The Word lay out is perfect for a letter   Word has more accessories Database SIMS. You don’t have to transfer it to anywhere else e. g. Excell Quantitative Objectives The Geography Department want me to make personalised letters to pupils wanting to go on the trip. The letters need to:   It needs to look professional It needs to have neat presentation   It needs a logo It needs to be personalized   It needs to have the pupils name, addresses What Next? I will need to talk to Ms Keeley and find out what she needs to have on the letters. I will produce a number of solutions for her to choose which one she prefers. I will then implement the chosen solution and test it. I will finally ask her to evaluate the letter.

Finding Text Complexity in a Three-Word Poem

Finding Text Complexity in a Three-Word Poem The length of a poem does not define its text complexity. Take, for example, the world’s shortest poem: FleasAdamhadem Thats it. Three words, actually two if you consider the contraction hadem as one word. The poem’s attribution is generally given to Ogden Nash (1902-1971) although there are some who credit Shel Silverstein (1931-1999). An article by Eric Shackle, however, found the originator of the poem was Strickland Gillilan (1869-1954). The article notes: At last, after searching dozens of websites, we discovered the identity of the mystery poet. It was revealed on a US National Park Service website describing Mount Rainier National Park. The Mt Rainier Nature News Notes of July 1, 1927, contained this brief item:THE SHORTEST POEM: We like poetry but we cannot stand it in too large doses. The following, which according to its author, Strickland Gillilan, is the shortest poem existing, deals with the antiquity of bugs.It runs thus: Adam had em! This short poem would meet the three standards for measuring text complexity according to the Common Core: 1. Qualitative Evaluation of the Text: This measure refers to the levels of meaning, structure, language conventionality and clarity, and knowledge demands. Teachers can review three poetic terms in this three word poem by pointing out that despite its brevity, the structure is a rhyming couplet of iambic meter. There is even an internal rhyme with the â€Å"am† and â€Å"em† sounds. There are even more figurative devices in the poem beginning with the name Adam in the first line. This is a literary allusion from the Bible as Adam is the proper name given to the first man created by God in Genesis. His companion Eve, the first woman, is not mentioned, it’s not â€Å"Adam and Eve/ had’em.† That could place the setting of the poem earlier in the Bible than her appearance in Genesis 2:20. Despite the allusion to a religious text, the tone of the poem is casual because of the contraction, â€Å"had’em.†   The title â€Å"Fleas† associated with the character Adam is comical since it implies a certain level of uncleanliness. There is even a bit of ownership since Adam had fleas, the fleas dont â€Å"have Adam,† and the use of the past tense â€Å"had† infers that he might now be cleaner. 2. Quantitative Evaluation of the Text: This measure refers to readability measures and other scores of text complexity. Using an online readability calculator, the three word poem’s average grade level is a 0.1.    3. Matching Reader to Text and Task: This measure refers to reader variables (such as motivation, knowledge, and experiences) and task variables (the complexity generated by the task assigned and the questions posed) In reading this three word poem, students would have to activate their background knowledge about fleas, and some of them might know that that scientists   recently concluded that fleas probably fed on dinosaurs as they need to feed on warm vertebrates blood. Many students will know the role of fleas in history as the transmitters of plagues and diseases. A few students may know that they are wingless insects that jump as high and as wide as an 8.5† X 11†. Explained in the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) section of The Common Core State Standards is the description that they were built to â€Å"create a staircase of increasing text complexity, so that students are expected to both develop their skills and apply them to more and more complex texts.† The three word poem â€Å"Fleas† may be a little step on the text complexity staircase, but it can provide a workout of critical thinking even for the upper grade students.

How To Write a Diversity Essay

How To Write a Diversity Essay How to write a diversity essay and show your uniqueness We all have something special about us which distinguishes our personalities from others. It is no wonder that often students are given an assignment of writing a diversity essay in order to figure out what makes them stand out in a social environment. Here are some reflections on how to convey your message successfully. How to write a diversity essay and show your uniqueness What is a diversity essay? A diversity essay is aimed to show what is special about you and what value you can bring to the society. Writing a diversity essay, you can tell about yourself and share your personal experience. You can also tell what other person had to deal with when he or she did not fit into the surrounding. Think of how diverse you are We all have something to share with the world which surrounds us. On the one hand, we can be proud of some of our achievements. On the other hand, we can be quite uncomfortable with revealing something that might seem to be unacceptable for our social environment. Perhaps, you moved to another country which has rules that are different from those which you got used to in your previous surrounding. You can simply have unique skills and talents which make you stand out among other students. If you struggle to find something that is special about you, consider the following factors: Race Religion Culture Work experience Socio-economic status Health issues or disability Sexual orientation Hobbies Talents Life and work experience The above factors are just a very limited list of things which make us different from other people, so choose the one which is the most applicable to you. Make sure you remain respectful of other people’s feelings though, especially if your topic concerns political or religious points of view. Questions to ask yourself Here are some questions which you can ask yourself in order to start writing a diversity essay: How your ethnical background enriched you? Did you get a valuable perspective on what happened to you? How a certain illness changed your life? What makes you stand out from the crowd? How you dealt with moving to a different country? What important event changed your life outlook for the better? From the first sight, writing a diversity essay might seem to be a complicated task because you might need to share your fears with others. However, working on this task gives you a unique opportunity to reflect on your background, your personality, your gained skills and natural talents. You do not have to write about things which are too uncomfortable for you. However, showing how you overcome your struggles can demonstrate how capable you are to get over difficulties which, in the end, we all face, regardless of the society dogmas. If you are not sure what to write about, contact us now in order to get advice from our professional essay writer.

United States vs. Afghanistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

United States vs. Afghanistan - Essay Example A potential expansion location in for US Airways in a third world country is Afghanistan. This paper provides an economic analysis of Afghanistan comparing it with the United States. Afghanistan is located in the Middle East near the border of Pakistan. The country has a population of 29.12 million people. The population of Afghanistan is roughly 10% the size of the US population. The real gross domestic product per capita of the country is $900. This metric makes Afghanistan one of the poorest countries in the world. The United States with a real gross domestic product per capita of $46,000 has one of the highest standards of living in the world (CultureGrams, 2011). Afghanistan suffers from a number of social problems that are hurting the economic development of the region. For starters the adult literacy rate of the population is low. The adult literacy rate of males is 43% and in females it is even lower at 13% (CultureGrams, 2011). When a population has low illiteracy rates the working class of the country lacks a college education which hurts the ability of the nation to compete in the knowledge economy. In contrast the illiteracy rate of the United States is above 99% which means that most Americans know how to write and read. The overall social and economic conditions of these two countries are very different. The US due to its wealth has abundance of shelter, food, and medicine for its people in a country that has a very stable political condition.

HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Essay

HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS - Essay Example If a new technology was introduced, it was known all over the world. Each technology had a great impact on the society. The development in the engineering field has taken over the world. It has lead to a drastic improvement on the functioning of the world. Engineering was used in almost all the fields, which reduced the burden of humans. One by one technology developed which helped in the easy way of achieving things. Technologies were introduced for agriculture, cultivation and other areas. Before many years, people were struggling to do a specific task, as everything had to be done by them without machines. For their livelihood, they had to go in search of food and shelter. They had to keep changing the places they lived, due to the seasonal and climatic changes. They did not have any method to cook their food, which made them to eat it raw. This urged them to create some tools that can be used in their daily life. Then came the time when they required storing facilities. Tools for storing water and food were invented. As people started inventing these systems, they passed it to the people in other parts. (Samari 2005). This in turn lead to the improvement in the people’s living. The development in technologies mostly took place in countries like India, countries in the Middle East and Europe. Some of these inventions and developments seemed to be difficult for the people in the countries to implement in their daily life. After some time people started recognizing the importance of these technologies and most of the countries began to use them. There has been a tremendous improvement in the field of science that taught the importance of the world and the environment. Many new inventions and discoveries were proposed and it was a great boon to the people. Education and its facilities were improved by the use of technologies. Industrial revolution resulted in the development and establishments of

Electrical and Electronic Principles (A) UFMFP8-15-1 Lab Report

Electrical and Electronic Principles (A) UFMFP8-15-1 - Lab Report Example As one moves across a resistor voltages drops and therefore the value of that voltage should be taken as negative. On the other, as one cross from negative terminal of a voltage source to the positive terminal of the same voltage source, the voltage value is taken as positive. The contrary is true when moving from a positive terminal of a resistor to the negative terminal. On the other hand, as regards to Kirchhoff’s Current Law, the algebraic sum of the currents in all the branches that converge in a common node is equal to zero. All the currents flowing into a particular node are taken to be positive and those flowing out of the same node are taken to be negative. On the other, as one cross from negative terminal of a voltage source to the positive terminal of the same voltage source, the voltage value is taken as positive. The contrary is true when moving from a positive terminal of a resistor to the negative terminal.  

Capital Punishment Essay Example for Free

Capital Punishment Essay Death penalty is one the debatable topics throughout the world. There is a conflict between law and ethics. Public opinion does not coincide with the state opinion. There are 33 countries, which use death penalty as capital punishment. According to Amnesty International Report, in 2011, China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and USA topped the list. According to statistics, in USA 33 states use death penalty as capital punishment and other 17 does not. (Amnesty International, 2011) Death penalty’s primary goal is to make people think twice before doing crime. The Death penalty helps to decrease the murder’s rate, however it could violate human right. The main argument in favor the death penalty is the effect of deterrence people from doing something illegal and unethical. The initial purpose of deterrence effect is to set up the highest price for murder, in order to decrease the rate of homicide. The former president of USA George W. Bush stated in the 2000 Presidential debate, â€Å"I think the reason to support the death penalty is because it saves other people’s lives†. However, according to Donohue Wolfres (2006) death penalties deterrence effect is not based on facts. Deterrence effect is good in theory, but in practice the effect is minor. As Ernest Van Dan Haag (1968,p 281) identified : Even though statistical demonstrations are not conclusive, and perhaps cannot be, capital punishment is likely to deter more than other punishments because people fear death more than anything else.† Incapacitation means taking away a persons freedom so that he or she cannot commit another crime. While the typical form of incapacitation is incarceration, and the most common form is relatively mild (probation), the ultimate form of incapacitation is death. Since the goal of incapacitation is to reduce crime by restricting the freedoms of criminals, we could conclude that incapacitation is achieved by capital punishment. However, according to Marquat and Sorensen the possibility of murderer to kill again is one out of one hundred. (Radelet Borg, 2000). The second argument supporting death penalty is providing justice for murder victims. For the most cruel and harsh crimes, punishment should also be strict. And death penalty is the right choice in these kinds of situations. Beccaria (1764) argues that the punishment should be as strict as the sufficient deter others. Justice is taking responsibility for your own actions. The System of Law is not perfect and it makes mistakes. As long as the death penalty is irrevocable process, northing can be changed after the execution. Discovering innocence of the executed can’t return him back. There are many examples of wrongful convictions. According to Amnesty International there Illinois: Madison Hobley, Aaron Patterson, Stanley Howard and Leroy Orange, pardoned in 2003. Sent to death row on the basis of confessions extracted through the use of torture by former Chicago Police Commander Jon Burge and other Area 2 police officers in Chicago. They were pardoned by outgoing Governor George Ryan, who also commuted the remaining 167 death sentences in Illinois to life imprisonment. I cannot support a system which, in its administration, has proven so fraught with error and has come so close to the ultimate nightmare, the states taking of innocent life Until I can be sure that everyone sentenced to death in Illinois is truly guilty, until I can be sure with moral certainty that no innocent man or woman is facing a lethal injection, no one will meet that fate. According to Death Penalty Information Centre, since 1973, 141 people in 26 states have been released from death row with evidence of their innocence. (Death Centre Information, 2011). Racial Discrimination is one of the most unpleasant factors in capital punishment process. According to Tabak, sentencing death penalty depend on two factors, first is the race of defendant, and the second is the race of the victim. (1999). However, discrimination is based also in the financial status of the defendant. According to Amnesty International, in January 2003 study released by the University of Maryland concluded that race and geography are major factors in death penalty decisions. Specifically, prosecutors are more likely to seek a death sentence when the race of the victim is white and are less likely to seek a death sentence when the victim is African-American. In 2007 study of death sentences in Connecticut conducted by Yale University School of Law revealed that African-American defendants receive the death penalty at three times the rate of white defendants in cases where the victims are white. In addition, killers of white victims are treated more severely than people who kill minorities, when it comes to deciding what charges to bring. (Amnesty International, 2011). Another important part of the death penalty issue is the financial cost of the trial and executions. A 2003 legislative audit in Kansas found that the estimated cost of a death penalty case was 70% more than the cost of a comparable non-death penalty case. Death penalty case costs were counted through to execution (median cost $1.26 million). Non-death penalty case costs were counted through to the end of incarceration (median cost $740,000).(Survey by the Kansas Legislative Post Audit,2003). In Tennessee, death penalty trials cost an average of 48% more than the average cost of trials in which prosecutors seek life imprisonment. (Report from Tennessee Comtroller of the Treasury Office of Research, 2004). In Maryland death penalty cases cost 3 times more than non-death penalty cases, or $3 million for a single case. (Urban Institute, the Cost of the Death Penalty in Maryland, 2008) In California the current system costs $137 million per year; it would cost $11.5 million for a system without the death penalty. (California Commission for the Fair Administration of Justice, 2008). One of the main alternatives for death penalty is life-long imprisonment without possibility of parole plus restitution. Restitution means that prisoner can be put into labor work, and that’s how he can compensate for the victim’s family. Just killing the killer is not the best solution for the existing problem In conclusion, I would like to say that death penalty is one of the controversial topics. Death penalty abolition is the key of key factor of democratic society. . Actually, in the world there is a trend to abolish the death penalty. However, there is no evidence of deterrent effect of death penalty Nevertheless Death penalty is unethical and inhumane, it helps to achieve the balance in the country. 0

Food Purchasing Cost Control

Food Purchasing Cost Control In the hospitality industry, purchasing may be defined as a function concerned with the search, selection, purchase, receipt, storage, and final use of a commodity in accordance with the catering policy of the establishment. (Davis and Kotas, 1986:47) Davis and Kotas (1986) suggest that purchasing is a fundamental function in the beverage control cycle. If this function is managed efficiently, then any hotel can attain quality beverage products at the minimum cost possible according to the companys financial objectives. The objective of beverage purchasing is to procure the best quality of items, at the lowest price for a specific purpose. It is a must to give considerable attention to the beverage cost control since beverages will normally throw in more profits than food. Fewer staff is required to process beverage into a finished item for consumption by the customers compares to food. (Davis et al, 2008) 3.2 The Purchasing Personnel Staff members that are responsible for the beverage purchases vary depending on the type and size of the establishment. (Davis and Kotas, 1986) The purchasing manager is responsible for the beverage purchasing function in Hotels One and Two. In Hotel-Three the purchasing manager and the food and beverage manager are responsible for the beverage purchasing function whereas in Hotel-Four the purchasing manager and the cost controller are accountable for this function. In Hotel-Two when there is a special theme night, the food and beverage manager will join the purchasing manager for such occasions. The purchasing function is centralised as hotel purchasing for Hotels One and Four. On the other hand the purchasing function is centralised as a group purchasing for Hotels Two and Three. It was agreed by all the interviewed personnel that the purchasing personnel have to be experienced and knowledgeable about the products that they have to order. In fact the purchasing manager in Hotel-Three has over thirty years of experience in this function. In the case of Hotel-Two it was mentioned that although experience and knowledge are vital for the purchasing function, most items in Malta are standard. Additionally it was also pointed out that the purchasing function depends on the demand of other departments. There have to be cross functional teams (that is team effort) and strong communication among all the hotel departments. Standards for beverage purchasing are developed for all the four hotels interviewed. Quality is given primary priority in all the hotels interviewed apart from for Hotel-Two where the first preference is on the price. In the case of Hotel-One, the products have to satisfy the bar manager and afterwards the purchasing personnel will deal for the best price for the pre-established quality. They will try to obtain the best price at the best quality. In Hotel-Three the purchasing personnel will try to attain a balance between price and quality however Quality is on top of the agenda. It is essential to consider the purchase of some of beverage items of each outlet separately. For example the wines offered at the pool bar will be at a lower quality and at a lower price when compared to the main bar. Each product can have a good quality, very good quality or best quality. The purchasing personnel have to choose the quality that is adequate for the specific outlet. In Hotel-Four both qualit y and price are given right of way however quality will always win. In Hotel-Two price is given precedence in the sense that, when choosing between two products with similar quality but different prices, the purchasing personnel will go for the cheaper product. The quantities of beverages to be ordered are determined by the storekeeper with the skilled assistance of the purchasing manager using a par stock level. When required in Hotel-One the cost controller will help out to determine the quantities to be ordered. In Hotel-Three the food and beverage manager will assist when needed to determine such quantities. 3.3 The Selection of Suppliers The suppliers selected can be either existing suppliers or potential suppliers. The advantage of the existing suppliers is that the quality of the goods received, the price and the service offered would all be already known. According to Dopsen, Hayes and Miller (2007) when dealing with new suppliers it is vital to exercise prudence and to get the subsequent information as a minimum: Full details of the firm and the range of items it is selling; Copies of recent price lists; Details of trading terms; Details of other customers they deal with; Samples of products. Ideally there should be a visit to any potential supplier to enhance knowledge about the size of the company; the range of the products; the size of processing and storage facilities and to meet members of the management team. All these factors facilitate a sustainable long-term business relationship. (Dopsen, Hayes and Miller, 2007) Suppliers can be chosen on the basis of their reputation in the market, upon an investigation of a supplier and on the basis of their performance. The best supplier is the one who provides the firm with the most efficient service with regard to quantity, quality, price and delivery performance. (Davis and Kotas, 1986:53) In all the hotels except for Hotel-Four there is a list of agreed suppliers from whom products are bought. Hotel-One has a list of preferred suppliers from whom the purchasing personnel will buy continually. It is a preferred suppliers list rather than an approved suppliers list. The advantage of having a preferred rather than an approved list is that if any particular supplier will give you a hard time (not reliable towards the hotel), then this supplier can be immediately replaced. Hotel-Two has an approved supplier when it comes to soft drinks and beers. When it comes to spirits, the suppliers are preferred rather than approved. Hotel-Three has contracts with the suppliers containing pre-agreed prices and pre-agreed quality of the listed products, however if something will not vary for example the quality will deteriorate, the purchasing personnel will alter the supplier if the problems will not be tackled. Although there is a contract, it is not a fixed contact that is the hotel personnel are not obliged to buy the beverage products from the specific supplier. Hotel-Four does not have any suppliers list. In this hotel the suppliers are chosen according to the quality of the products, the type of brands required and the services that the supplier will offer to the hotel. When selecting the suppliers, the criteria evaluated by Hotel-One are credit term, quality and prices. The credit term period is given top priority. According to Hotel-One it is useless to go for the best quality and the best price if the credit terms period is short. In Hotel-Two price is given top priority when selecting suppliers while quality and lead time are also analysed to make the right decision. In the other two hotels quality is the most influential factor used to determine the suppliers to be chosen for the beverage products. Dopsen, Hayes and Miller (2007) explained that the supplier performance can be evaluated using the rating system which usually includes: price, quality and delivery performance. Potential suppliers performance is only evaluated by Hotel-Three. Every now and then the purchasing manager will pick some items and verify if there is a better product in the market than the one that the hotel is currently using. The purchasing manager without involving employees in operation will pick up different products and will make a blind presentation and tasting of the product. The purchasing department will decant the product that will be identifiable (delete the tag and the supplier name) and the food and beverage manager will rate the product using a rating sheet including quality, yields among other factors. The person rating the product will not know who the supplier is. Although the decision taken will not be based on price, the food and beverage personnel will know the price to be able to match the product being tasted with its price accordingly. There have to be a balance between quality and price. It can be that the product quality is superior compared to the hotel standard thus the product will not be affordable. Then the rating sheet is filled out. Hotel-One pointed out that the suppliers evaluation and performance is not prepared because this does not add any value on the hotel sales. The cheapest item is not automatically the best to buy since low-cost products can lead to low quality. Normally the responsible persons go for the supplier on the basis of the quality required and then negotiate the best price for it. There is always a trade-off between quality and price. 3.4 The Purchasing Procedure According to Dopsen, Hayes and Miller (2007) the various steps in the purchasing procedure are: The initiation of a request to purchase beverages by an authorised employee such as the head of department or restaurant manager; The selection of the source of supply from which the goods are to be purchased, and the price to be paid; Entering into a contract with the supplier by telephone, electronically or in writing; Obtaining a satisfactory delivery performance from the supplier with regard to time, date and place of delivery; The acceptance of goods ordered and the transfer to the ordering department or to the stores. Purchasing is not a separate activity. What, how and when you buy must always reflect the overall goals of your establishment. Trends change so must you, the purchaser. (Brown, 2005:396) Dopsen, Hayes and Miller (2007) recommend that the procedure should reflect the type of the establishment and the market where it operates. Those responsible should consider: the location of the establishment in relation to its suppliers; the size of the storage facilities of the hotel; the shelf life of the beverage product; and the companys purchasing power. Whatever the establishment is, it is crucial to have a sound purchasing policy so that satisfactory standards will be achieved. 3.5 Purchasing Orders In every hotel it is vital to have purchasing policies and procedures which are planned to allow business transactions to take place smoothly between supplier and receiver. Documentary evidence should confirm that the procedures are actually being followed. In Hotel-One purchase orders are authorised by the purchasing officer and the financial controller while in Hotel-Two these are authorised by the group purchasing manager. In Hotel-Three the purchase orders are authorised by the cost controller or the general manager while in Hotel-Four these are authorised by the head of department and the latter will also communicate with the financial controller and the general manager, if deemed necessary. In all the hotels those authorising purchase orders are independent from those responsible for issuing requisitions. This prevents certain abuses that can be carried out when the same person will be responsible for both authorising purchase orders and for issuing requisitions. In Hotel-Two the persons issuing requisitions are the head of departments or the supervisors. Then the storekeeper will deliver the items that were previously ordered and the cost controller will verify that every order is in its perspective. In Hotel-Four the purchase orders are prepared by the head of departments while for the other three hotels, the purchase orders are prepared by the purchasing manager. Every hotel has a system of par stock level. In Hotel-One the cost controller will work to create a par stock level which will depend on the period of the year, the type of functions that the hotel has, and the type of clients that the hotel has. The aim of these par stock levels is to have some items of every stock with a limited quantity since excessive stock means cash put down the drain. Additionally useless stock will lead to negative cash flows. In Hotel-Two it was remarked that the par stock level used is an informal one that will be adapted according to the company needs. A point to note is that in Malta, hoteliers work a lot on a last minute purchases. This can be used since distances are short and so if there is a stock item missing, you can phone the supplier and the latter will bring the item in a few hours. In Hotel-Three the cost controller is responsible to ensure that stocks in the stores are kept lowest as possible as these will represent idle money. The information contained in the purchase orders of each hotel is nearly identical to each other. Hotels One and Three does not have the terms of payments listed in the purchase orders. The purchase order of Hotel-Three contained a disclaimer that declares that if the supplier (who will receive the purchase order) will not agree with the purchase order in terms of quantity or price or he does not have the pre-agreed brand, the supplier shall inform the purchasing manager before the delivery. In Hotel-Four the type of brand is not listed in the purchase orders. All the hotels have sequentially pre-numbered purchase orders. Normally a copy of the purchase order is being received by the supplier. The goods received clerk/storekeeper will also receive the purchase order and the same copy will go to the cost controller who will attach it with the invoice and passes it through his system and then the cost controller will give the purchase order to the accounts clerk who will pass it through the accounting system. On receipt of an authorised requisition form, it is vital to check the economic quantity to be purchased by checking the existing stocks and the sales volume forecast. After establishing the purchase requirements, a formal written purchase order is prepared. This serves as the basis for ordering. Written records lessen misunderstandings so it is better to maintain some written record of purchases, preferably on a purchase order, to verify the accuracy of deliveries received. (Dopsen, Hayes and Miller, 2007) 3.6 Concluding Remark Think of purchasing as a cycle, not a one-time activity. Purchasing is not just a matter of phoning or emailing another order. You dont want to run out, nor do you want to overstock. (Brown, 2005:395)

Real Time Article :: essays research papers

The term's misuse creates misunderstanding both inside organizations and out in the market. Real time is expensive. Creating and managing technology applications that operate in real time require a lot of infrastructure, people, and processing power. These are unnecessary if you don't mind if an action occurs "just in time" or "some time later on." A few examples: Â · Real-time analytics and reporting. Does it matter? Depends on the use. For people only concerned with strategy insights, such as paths different visitors types take, or those focused on use of different navigation tools, real time is meaningless. If no action you can take in real time changes the user experience, then time and money spent to get information faster is overkill. The extra information is probably a distraction. If you're an editor and constantly adjust stories and headlines to respond to audience interest, then real-time data can make a difference. It may be a worthwhile investment. Bottom line, real-time analytics are good for tactical applications, overkill for strategic ones. Â · Real-time actionability. As with the above example, this matters if the desired action is tactical. Would very fresh information help someone or something take an action at the same time? If resulting actions are strategic only and not intended to be taken at the same instant the information is created, then real time is wasted technology. You don't need real-time audience information if you only use it at a weekly meeting to discuss behavior trends. Â · Real-time personalization. In personalization, real time is essential. If you want to personalize content for individual visitors, such as weather or commerce recommendations, you must do it in real time. You can't wait minutes or hours to update pages. Visitors won't be there anymore. You can't personalize content without recognizing users and changing content the moment they arrive. Of course, this can be quite expensive. Those with content management systems with personalization have a special appreciation for the processing and data management costs associated with real-time actions at scale. Â · Real-time ad segmentation and targeting. Another example of where real time can really matter. Ad targeting is a very frontline, tactical operation. If you want to deliver a specific ad to a specific type of person, you must identify the person and deliver the ad in real time. To deliver automotive ads to people who viewed automotive content, no matter where they go on the site, you must target as soon as they visit automotive content.

Of Personal Development, Critical Thinking and Enhanced Quality of Care Essay

In this reflection paper, I would like to relate some unforeseen events during the course as well as my experience of being assessed. The medical practitioner assigned to me was a consultant of medicine for geriatric patients. The fact that he is not a physiotherapist may be considered an unforeseen occurrence. I did not really expect him to come from a different field. The similarity in language and way of thinking of practitioners from the same field would have facilitated the process. At first, similar to my feelings in collaborating with my nurse classmates, I had the same feeling of hesitation in associating with my DMP. However, as the course progressed, I realized that he could be a very good mentor. He patiently guided me throughout all the pertinent tasks that I had to carry out. I attended the clinic with him at Saint Pancrase Hospital for the morning Clinic, which finished at twelve o’clock, then the Ward round from two o’clock at Saint Pancrase hospital for two hours. I then went to University College London Hospital for My OSCE after four o’clock at the T10 ward. For the last fifteen years I have been working in a community, this is my first time to examine a patient thoroughly in a hospital, not only to examine the patient but also to perform my Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Since he wanted to examine me on COPD patient with some complications, he was right that it was hard on me. Yet I did it and enjoyed the experience despite the situation under pressure. It was very long observation from my DMP, which again for long time I did not observe, was indeed a complicated but a true learning experience. I am grateful to my DMP and the way he taught me. I enjoyed his teaching, his approach, and his skills as a consultant were excellent. I will miss his teaching. My experience with him made me see the value of having a competent mentor regardless of the field that one is interested in. The presence of a coach and mentor made learning easier because it made me confident that I can rely on someone who is an expert and possesses a learning attitude, as well as one who is willing to help me out in the process. Admittedly, there were some difficulties in relating with him at the beginning because we were from different fields of study. But again, this experience is a test of flexibility in adjusting to the demands of the situation. I my best to work with him and follow the guidelines and advice which he gave me. In the course of our interaction, I have learned to become more comfortable in dealing with him. There is value in having a good working relationship with one’s superiors and colleagues; it makes the learning journey so much easier. I also feel that I should further develop a mentoring relationship with an expert in this field to be able to reach my full my potential. Empirical research from both educational and industrial settings suggests that students and employees both have increased probability of success if they have had a mentor. While mentors are effective for everyone, sometimes organisations implement mentoring programs to support particular parts of their populations, often newer employees. And while mentoring programs are always established with the best of intentions, their results are often mixed (Werner, 2004). To make the most of my clinical exposure, I hope to establish a strong mentoring relationship with a doctor or a medical allied professional who will be able to coach me on increasing competence in my clinical practice. I have realised that coaching and mentoring are very effective ways of developing my leadership potential because it does not only develop me in terms of technical expertise, but it will also allow me to actually experience how these experts undergo the coaching and mentoring exercise. I have also realised that a novice in any medical allied field acquires clinical judgment and skill over time. Knowledge is refined through actual clinical experience; this moves her from a rule-based, context-free stage to a more analytical, logical and intentional pattern of thinking (Benner, Tanner, & Chelsea, 1996). To effectively provide a conducive learning environment, these medical professionals need venues for examining and developing their problem solving and reasoning skills towards making clinical judgments (Miller, 1992). I realised that such venues transpire through numerous learning experiences. In particular, I am contemplating about being able to practice in a large hospital to permit such comprehensive clinical exposure. I have also realised that participating in varied learning experiences offers the chance to apply classroom theory in the clinical setting. This was a point that was shared with me by my DMP. Clinical experiences enable the formation of meaningful related information on the basis of what the nurse has learned in the classroom. There is an expectation that with more experience, this novice can move from the level of advanced beginner to the level of competence by program completion. Clinical judgment is defined as nursing decisions about which areas to assess, analyzing health data, prioritizing which task to do, and who should carry it out (Carnaveli & Thomas, 1993). For clinical judgment to be assessed as sound, it should be arrived at using critical thinking and logical reasoning, that will enable the deduction of valid conclusions, and the decisions that may be borne from these. I am thankful for this experience as they have given me profound insight on the areas that I could further develop to become a more competent professional in this field.